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Validity of predictive equations for determining resting energy expenditure
Fabián, Patrik ; Korvas, Pavel (referee) ; Chlíbková, Daniela (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the validation of predictive equations to determine resting metabolic rate. The objective of this bachelor thesis was to compare individual predictive equations for determining resting metabolic rate with self-measurement using indirect caloriemetry and to establish a own procedure for predicting resting metabolic rate. The evaluation of each predictive equation was based on statistical analyses. Based on statistical analyses, it was found that the available predictive equations underestimate resting metabolism by an average of 20 % of kilocalories per day compared to the value measured by indirect calorimetry. Machine learning was used to determine the actual procedure for predicting resting metabolic rate, which was then presented using the user interface. The following testing showed that the neural network for predicting resting metabolic rate provides more accurate results compared to the available predictive equations.
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Energy needs and body composition in individuals with transverse spinal cord injury
Pavlíčková, Jana ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Staňová, Alžběta (referee)
Introduction Spinal cord injury is associated with negative changes in body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism. This fact is responsible for a higher risk of metabolic complications in patients with a transverse spinal cord lesion (TML). Individuals tend to achieve a positive energy balance, which leads to an increase in adipose tissue, the development of overweight and obesity and other diseases, and last but not least, to the deterioration of self-sufficiency. Setting optimal energy intake is main key to maintain the patient's health and quality of life. Target The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to determine resting energy rate (RMR) in people after a transverse spinal cord injury. The subject of interest is also the comparison of the results with the prediction equation of Harris-Benedict with the indirect calorimetry (NK) method, to determine the body composition and determine the real energy intake of the diet. A control set of healthy individuals without the handicap of a transverse spinal cord lesion was chosen for the comparison of the obtained data. Methodology The research group consists of adults after a transverse spinal cord lesion. There were 26 people included, 11 women and 15 men, clients of the non-profit organization Centrum Paraple, o.p.s. The average age is 40.3 years...
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Evaluation of oxidation of nutritional substrates during pregnancy.
Huličiarová, Klaudia ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
Background The aim of this diploma thesis was to determine and evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure and oxidation of nutritional substrates, then to assess connections with other parameters and to compare these results with other conducted studies. Methods Indirect calorimetry was used to determine resting energy expenditure and oxidation of nutritional substrates. Measurements of pregnant women took place after a 12-hour fast in three periods of pregnancy. The first period between 17.-27. week of pregnancy, the second between 28.-35. weeks of pregnancy and the last during the 36th-38th week of pregnancy. Results The results of the work point to significantly increasing values of respiratory quotients (p = 0.022) and carbohydrate oxidation (p = 0.015) with the length of pregnancy, and to statistically significant correlations between the oxidation of nutritional substrates and the values of RQ, NPRQ, the volume of excreted urine, the amount of creatinine, urea and nitrogen in the excreted urine. Conclusions In this work, an increase in respiratory quotient values and carbohydrate oxidation during pregnancy was confirmed. However, the suspension of the study due to the Covid situation caused a decrease in the number of pregnant women followed and the necessary results. Key words:...
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Determinating basal metabolic rate by indirect calorimetry method
POSTL, Roman
The topic of the bachelor thesis is "Determination of resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry". The method of indirect calorimetry is considered the gold standard for determining resting energy expenditure, which can further serve as a basis for setting optimal energy intake for the design of therapeutic diets, and is often compared with predictive equations, with which the determination of resting energy expenditure is simpler and less time-consuming. Data collection was performed by quantitative methods by measuring on indirect calorimetry, assessing dietary records and completed questionnaires, and obtaining anthropometric data. The research population consisted of 10 respondents approached through mass email correspondence or in person. The main aim of the study is to compare the results of the indirect calorimetry method with the recalculated results of the Harris-Benedict predictive equation on resting energy expenditure values. A sub-objective is to map the differences in measurement results based on the diet composition of the respondents. Together with this objective, the dissimilarity of energy intake versus calculated energy requirement is mapped, and lastly, the dissimilarity of measurement results due to respondents' body composition is mapped. As a result of the research, the deviation of +-10% between the measured and calculated values of resting energy expenditure is confirmed, which is also reported by authors of publications on a similar topic. Furthermore, the research shows a deviation of 18.34% between the recorded energy intake and energy requirement with a tendency to underestimate dietary intake. The study also shows relationships between the measurement results and the percentage of diet and body composition of the respondents. The relationships are based on linear trend lines, which indicate, first - an increase in measured values with a higher proportion of protein and carbohydrate in the diet and a higher proportion of lean body mass, and second - a decrease in measured values with a higher proportion of fat in the diet and a higher proportion of adipose tissue in the body.
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Body composition parameters in dependence on the metabolism degree in patients with COPD
Doleželová, Magdaléna ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Magdaléna Doleželová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Body composition parameters in dependence on the metabolism degrese in patiens with COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a very serious illness characterized by incompletely reversible airflow obstruction and lung emphysema. Contributes to its overall severity are extrapulmonary manifestations, especially cachexia and loss of lean tissue mass. Chronic inflammation of the respiratory airways and increased respiratory effort cause the hypermetabolic state to some patients with COPD. This thesis investigates the impact of increased metabolism on body composition in patients with COPD. Our study included 50 COPD patients (38 men, 12 women) who were examined by bioelectrical impedance. In this study, we compared the parameters of body composition of men with resting energy expenditure REE > 130% (hereinafter Men over 130%) (n = 9) and the group of men with REE < 130 % (hereinafter Men below 130 %) (n = 29). In the group of Men over 130 % we found a lower average value of body weight by 18 % compared to Men below 130 %. Total body and intracellular water were 12 %...
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Resting energy expenditure at polytraumatic patients.
Šimandl, Ondřej ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate resting energy expenditure (REE) and the utilization of nutritional substrates in 14 polytrauma patients in the ICU. Was also assessed level of impact Overhydration (OH) on the accuracy of the determination. Diagnostic investigations using indirect calorimetry (IC) was performed in 9 men and 5 women (age 30 ± 15 years, BMI 27.5 ± 9.4 kg·m-2) with polytrauma (ISS 41 ± 16). For more accurate sizing of REE and extent of utilization of nutritional substrates were used equations derived from the equation of Weir, not Softwear calorimeter. Using IC volumes were determined only inspired an expired oxygen and carbon dioxide. To determine the rate of OH was used bioimpedance analysis methods using BCM. Almost 86% (8 men and 4 women) examined patients showed hypermetabolism. Average REE value was 2241.38 ± 854.27 kcal·day-1, which represented an average increase of prediction of 38.09 ± 49.09% due to the physiological condition. A statistically significant relationship was demonstrated between REE determined using the Weir equation according and the Harris-Bennedict equation without (P = 0,01) with deduction of OH (P = 0,007) only in men. In clinical practice, significant correlations were established between the REE-IC and BSA (P < 0,01), LTM (P < 0,05),...
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Changes in resting energy expenditure in lactating women
Mrózková, Nancy ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kovařík, Miroslav (referee)
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) in ten lactating women between three weeks and nine months postpartum to find out whether there is any link with the parameters presented in this study. Measurements were taken at four intervals. At three weeks and at three, six and nine months postpartum. They were taken in the morning after a night fast (12 hours) and used indirect calorimetry with a canopy in awake lying subjects for approximately 25 minutes. The room was shaded with minimal noise with a temperature around 20 řC. Urine was collected over 24 hours and was examined for nitrogen concentration. The median REE was 1591,86 kcal/day at 3 weeks postpartum, 1398,08 kcal/day at 3 months, 1401,78 kcal/day at 6 months and 1455,03 kcal/day at 9 months postpartum. Values of REE per kilogram of body weight are 21,8 ± 0,36 kcal/kg and are consistent throughout the measurement period. The oxidation of lipids was dominant compared to other substrates and the lowest was oxidation of sacharides during the whole observation period. Correlations were found in parameters such as, body weight and REE per kilogram, breast milk and respiratory quotient (RQ), length of gravidity with RQ/ volume of exhaled carboxydioxide/ volume of inhaled oxygen. Another was between protein...
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Validity of predictive equations for determining resting energy expenditure
Fabián, Patrik ; Korvas, Pavel (referee) ; Chlíbková, Daniela (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the validation of predictive equations to determine resting metabolic rate. The objective of this bachelor thesis was to compare individual predictive equations for determining resting metabolic rate with self-measurement using indirect caloriemetry and to establish a own procedure for predicting resting metabolic rate. The evaluation of each predictive equation was based on statistical analyses. Based on statistical analyses, it was found that the available predictive equations underestimate resting metabolism by an average of 20 % of kilocalories per day compared to the value measured by indirect calorimetry. Machine learning was used to determine the actual procedure for predicting resting metabolic rate, which was then presented using the user interface. The following testing showed that the neural network for predicting resting metabolic rate provides more accurate results compared to the available predictive equations.
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Resting energy expenditure and nutritional intake in patients with pancreatic cancer before elective pancreatectomy
Heniková, Marina ; Gojda, Jan (advisor) ; Urbánek, Miroslav (referee)
Aims: The aim of this work was to determine whether a increased resting energy expenditure contributes to the nutritional risk for patients with pancreatic cancer. What the variability of resting energy expenditure is and whether it predicts weight loss. Another aim was to verify that lower protein-energy intake also has an impact on weight loss. Methods: Data for the diploma thesis were obtained from the project "Pancreatic Cancer: Metabolic Derangements Associated With Insulin Resistance", which takes place at the Department of Clinical Physiology of Metabolism at 2nd Department of internal medicine in the University Hospital Královské Vinohrady. The project includes 40 - 50 patients with pancreatic tumor resection per year. Data were collected from the beginning of December 2019 until the end of April 2020. The project is funded by the grant AZV NV19-01-00101. 10 consecutive patients (4 women and 6 men) with pancreatic cancer who had a complete dataset for analysis were selected for the research set for the diploma thesis. The patients underwent anthropometric examination, blood tests were taken, and indirect calorimetry was performed. Results: The first part of the research was focused on anthropometric parameters, parameters of nutritional status and the presence of cancer cachexia. The second...
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